Cover 1
Title 4
Copyright 5
Contents 6
Lists of figures, tables and boxes 10
Acknowledgements 17
Acronyms and abbreviations 18
Foreword 21
Introduction and overview 24
1 A highly mobile planet and its challenges: automobile dependence, equity and inequity 34
Sustainable transportation, accessible transportation or sustainable mobility? 34
What is sustainable transportation about? 34
Unsustainable transportation: the magnitude of the problem 35
Hypermobility 36
The problems of automobile dependence 37
Equity, social justice and auto-dependence 54
Summary 59
Conclusions 60
2 Automobile cities, the car culture and alternative possibilities 62
Introduction 62
Walking cities, transit cities and automobile cities 62
Additional lessons from city types 65
Car culture 69
Sociology of transportation and the car culture 76
Automobility and safety: ideology versus analysis 76
The mainstream media and the car culture: myth overshadows reality 78
Marketing the myth: screens, earbuds, branding, embedding and product placement 79
Movies and TV: the automobile as star and sponsor 83
Radio and cars 84
Music and the car culture 86
Car culture in literature 87
‘Carchitecture’: reshaping architecture and urban design for automobile cities 89
‘Futurama’: we have seen the future and it drives! 90
Tourism: the car culture evolves into the fly-drive and recreational vehicle cultures 91
Conclusions 95
3 History of sustainable and unsustainable transportation: from walking to wheels and back to walking 97
Transportation history: the intersection of modes, infrastructure and society 97
Walking: the original affordable, healthful and sustainable mode 101
Wheels, early vehicles and travel: mostly local and for necessity 103
Pilgrimages around the planet 103
Mechanization and motorization transform travel and society 106
Bicycling: the sustainable path almost taken 108
Transportation infrastructure: from animal paths to ‘Good Roads’ 113
The rise of automobility 115
Maritime and water travel 121
Aviation: from the feat of flying to fly-drive excess 122
Telecommunications and transportation: from smoke signals to mobile telephones 122
Rail and railways 124
Conclusion: lessons for sustainable transportation 126
4 Modes, roads and routes: technologies, infrastructure, functions, energy and inter-relatedness 130
Introduction 130
In-town modes: getting to work, school, shopping, services and recreation 131
Regional–metropolitan area modes: long commutes, regional services, recreation, peak demand 144
The barrier effects of different rights of way 147
Long distance: modes and types of travel 147
Sustainability considerations: fuels, pollution, electric and autonomous vehicles 157
Modal energy consumption and occupancy factors in global cities 163
Topographically appropriate modes: aerial and suspended trams, monorails, funiculars 171
Futuristic, experimental or unproven modes 174
Back to the Futuristic: e-bikes, pedicabs, cargo and beer bikes 176
Conclusions 178
5 Urban, regional and intercity public transportation: policy, technical, land use and provider aspects 181
Introduction 181
The relationship between public transportation and land use and transportation planning 182
Urban transport systems and their influence on urban form 183
Transit as a natural monopoly 184
Practical problems besetting public transportation 185
The fast-changing mobility and accessibility landscape 186
Urban public transportation: urban form and modal integration issues 188
Polycentrism and urban mobility 190
Bus–rail integration and bus-bus integration 193
Growing transit: policy and planning issues 193
Promoting transit at all levels of government 199
Overcoming stagnant and unimaginative planning 199
Addressing the needs of special populations 199
Adequate and stable funding 200
Synergies between transit and land use 201
Participatory planning 201
Regional and rural public transportation 201
When urban meets regional and rural 203
Intercity public transportation: trains and coaches 203
Aviation, airports and airport cities 205
Private and corporate providers and public transportation 207
Special planning and policy issues around the public–private interface 211
Park & Ride: useful or harmful? 214
Conclusion 215
6 Urban design for sustainable and active transportation and healthy communities 217
Introduction 217
Urban planning and urban design: getting our bearings 217
Urban design and sustainable transportation 219
Urban fabrics theory 227
Sustainable urban design 232
Conclusion 247
7 Public policy and effective citizen participation for more sustainable transportation: methods and examples 250
The public, policy and participation 250
Transportation policy: from mobility promotion to mobility management and sustainability 251
Transportation policy in the twentieth century: a global perspective 252
The public and participation: from Arnstein to Aarhus and the Rio Declaration 259
Public participation in transportation: ways to get everyone involved—including trees 261
From business as usual (BAU) to sustainability in transportation 266
8 A new planning paradigm: from integrated planning, policy and mobility management to repair, regeneration and renewal 272
Lessons learned from preceding chapters 272
The recognition of the need for a new paradigm: the Buchanan Report and its critics 273
Overview of the new paradigm: integrated policy-making, planning and mobility management 275
Towards better management of existing transportation features 275
Description of the new paradigm of integrated planning 285
New paradigm factors summary 290
Moving from planning and policy to regeneration, repair and renewal 292
Sustainable transportation agenda and priorities 309
From the new paradigm to its embodiment 311
9 Cities on the move: global exemplars of more sustainable transportation 313
Introduction 313
Vancouver, British Columbia: automobile city to a planner’s pilgrimage 314
Portland, Oregon: from ‘a streetcar named expire’ to an aspiring ‘streetcar city’ 322
Boulder, Colorado: small is beautiful and effective 327
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany: a pin-up sustainable city 332
Seoul, South Korea: rivers of cars to rivers of water and people 339
Taming the traffic in non-motorized cities: positive perspectives on Mumbai, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou 343
Conclusions 357
10 Conclusion: growing more exemplars 361
Necessities for growing more exemplars 361
Heroes and heroicism in sustainable transportation 367
Leadership and responsiveness within government 367
Academic and professional expertise, the ‘long haul’ and subverting the dominant paradigm 370
Environmental and other non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 371
Private-sector leadership 379
The creative class: breathing imagination into urban and transportation planning 381
Success builds success: the power of demonstration projects 385
Conclusion 391
Glossary 395
References 398
Index 434

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2024-12-16