Cover 1
Preface by Scott Chacon 3
Preface by Ben Straub 5
Dedications 7
Contributors 9
Introduction 13
Table of Contents 15
Chapter 1. Getting Started 27
About Version Control 27
Local Version Control Systems 27
Centralized Version Control Systems 28
Distributed Version Control Systems 29
A Short History of Git 31
Git Basics 31
Snapshots, Not Differences 32
Nearly Every Operation Is Local 33
Git Has Integrity 33
Git Generally Only Adds Data 34
The Three States 34
The Command Line 36
Installing Git 36
Installing on Linux 36
Installing on Mac 37
Installing on Windows 38
Installing from Source 38
First-Time Git Setup 39
Your Identity 40
Your Editor 40
Checking Your Settings 41
Getting Help 42
Summary 42
Chapter 2. Git Basics 43
Getting a Git Repository 43
Initializing a Repository in an Existing Directory 43
Cloning an Existing Repository 44
Recording Changes to the Repository 45
Checking the Status of Your Files 46
Tracking New Files 47
Staging Modified Files 47
Short Status 49
Ignoring Files 50
Viewing Your Staged and Unstaged Changes 51
Committing Your Changes 54
Skipping the Staging Area 55
Removing Files 56
Moving Files 57
Viewing the Commit History 58
Limiting Log Output 63
Undoing Things 65
Unstaging a Staged File 66
Unmodifying a Modified File 67
Working with Remotes 68
Showing Your Remotes 69
Adding Remote Repositories 70
Fetching and Pulling from Your Remotes 71
Pushing to Your Remotes 71
Inspecting a Remote 72
Removing and Renaming Remotes 73
Tagging 73
Listing Your Tags 74
Creating Tags 74
Annotated Tags 75
Lightweight Tags 75
Tagging Later 76
Sharing Tags 77
Checking out Tags 78
Git Aliases 78
Summary 80
Chapter 3. Git Branching 81
Branches in a Nutshell 81
Creating a New Branch 84
Switching Branches 85
Basic Branching and Merging 89
Basic Branching 89
Basic Merging 94
Basic Merge Conflicts 96
Branch Management 99
Branching Workflows 100
Long-Running Branches 100
Topic Branches 101
Remote Branches 103
Pushing 109
Tracking Branches 111
Pulling 113
Deleting Remote Branches 113
Rebasing 114
The Basic Rebase 114
More Interesting Rebases 116
The Perils of Rebasing 119
Rebase When You Rebase 122
Rebase vs. Merge 124
Summary 124
Chapter 4. Git on the Server 125
The Protocols 126
Local Protocol 126
The HTTP Protocols 127
The SSH Protocol 130
The Git Protocol 130
Getting Git on a Server 131
Putting the Bare Repository on a Server 132
Small Setups 133
Generating Your SSH Public Key 134
Setting Up the Server 135
Git Daemon 138
Smart HTTP 139
GitWeb 141
GitLab 144
Installation 144
Administration 145
Basic Usage 148
Working Together 148
Third Party Hosted Options 149
Summary 149
Chapter 5. Distributed Git 151
Distributed Workflows 151
Centralized Workflow 151
Integration-Manager Workflow 152
Dictator and Lieutenants Workflow 153
Workflows Summary 154
Contributing to a Project 155
Commit Guidelines 155
Private Small Team 157
Private Managed Team 164
Forked Public Project 170
Public Project over Email 174
Summary 178
Maintaining a Project 178
Working in Topic Branches 178
Applying Patches from Email 179
Checking Out Remote Branches 182
Determining What Is Introduced 183
Integrating Contributed Work 185
Tagging Your Releases 191
Generating a Build Number 192
Preparing a Release 193
The Shortlog 193
Summary 194
Chapter 6. GitHub 195
Account Setup and Configuration 195
SSH Access 196
Your Avatar 198
Your Email Addresses 199
Two Factor Authentication 200
Contributing to a Project 201
Forking Projects 201
The GitHub Flow 202
Advanced Pull Requests 210
Markdown 215
Maintaining a Project 220
Creating a New Repository 220
Adding Collaborators 222
Managing Pull Requests 224
Mentions and Notifications 229
Special Files 233
README 233
CONTRIBUTING 234
Project Administration 234
Managing an organization 236
Organization Basics 236
Teams 237
Audit Log 239
Scripting GitHub 240
Hooks 241
The GitHub API 245
Basic Usage 246
Commenting on an Issue 247
Changing the Status of a Pull Request 248
Octokit 250
Summary 251
Chapter 7. Git Tools 253
Revision Selection 253
Single Revisions 253
Short SHA-1 253
Branch References 255
RefLog Shortnames 256
Ancestry References 257
Commit Ranges 259
Interactive Staging 262
Staging and Unstaging Files 262
Staging Patches 265
Stashing and Cleaning 266
Stashing Your Work 266
Creative Stashing 269
Creating a Branch from a Stash 270
Cleaning your Working Directory 271
Signing Your Work 272
GPG Introduction 273
Signing Tags 273
Verifying Tags 274
Signing Commits 275
Everyone Must Sign 277
Searching 277
Git Grep 277
Git Log Searching 279
Rewriting History 280
Changing the Last Commit 281
Changing Multiple Commit Messages 281
Reordering Commits 284
Squashing Commits 284
Splitting a Commit 286
The Nuclear Option: filter-branch 287
Reset Demystified 289
The Three Trees 289
The Workflow 291
The Role of Reset 297
Reset With a Path 302
Squashing 305
Check It Out 308
Summary 310
Advanced Merging 311
Merge Conflicts 311
Undoing Merges 323
Other Types of Merges 326
Rerere 331
Debugging with Git 337
File Annotation 337
Binary Search 339
Submodules 341
Starting with Submodules 341
Cloning a Project with Submodules 343
Working on a Project with Submodules 345
Submodule Tips 356
Issues with Submodules 358
Bundling 360
Replace 364
Credential Storage 373
Under the Hood 374
A Custom Credential Cache 377
Summary 379
Chapter 8. Customizing Git 381
Git Configuration 381
Basic Client Configuration 382
Colors in Git 385
External Merge and Diff Tools 386
Formatting and Whitespace 390
Server Configuration 392
Git Attributes 393
Binary Files 393
Keyword Expansion 396
Exporting Your Repository 399
Merge Strategies 401
Git Hooks 402
Installing a Hook 402
Client-Side Hooks 402
Server-Side Hooks 405
An Example Git-Enforced Policy 406
Server-Side Hook 406
Client-Side Hooks 412
Summary 416
Chapter 9. Git and Other Systems 417
Git as a Client 417
Git and Subversion 417
Git and Mercurial 429
Git and Perforce 438
Git and TFS 454
Migrating to Git 463
Subversion 464
Mercurial 466
Perforce 468
TFS 471
A Custom Importer 472
Summary 479
Chapter 10. Git Internals 481
Plumbing and Porcelain 481
Git Objects 482
Tree Objects 485
Commit Objects 488
Object Storage 491
Git References 493
The HEAD 494
Tags 495
Remotes 497
Packfiles 497
The Refspec 501
Pushing Refspecs 503
Deleting References 503
Transfer Protocols 504
The Dumb Protocol 504
The Smart Protocol 506
Protocols Summary 509
Maintenance and Data Recovery 510
Maintenance 510
Data Recovery 511
Removing Objects 513
Environment Variables 517
Global Behavior 518
Repository Locations 518
Pathspecs 519
Committing 519
Networking 520
Diffing and Merging 520
Debugging 521
Miscellaneous 522
Summary 523
Appendix A. Git in Other Environments 525
Graphical Interfaces 525
gitk and git-gui 525
GitHub for Mac and Windows 528
Other GUIs 531
Git in Visual Studio 531
Git in Eclipse 533
Git in Bash 534
Git in Zsh 535
Git in Powershell 538
Summary 539
Appendix B. Embedding Git in your Applications 541
Command-line Git 541
Libgit2 542
Advanced Functionality 544
Other Bindings 546
Further Reading 547
JGit 547
Getting Set Up 547
Plumbing 548
Porcelain 550
Further Reading 551
Appendix C. Git Commands 553
Setup and Config 553
git config 553
git help 554
Getting and Creating Projects 554
git init 554
git clone 555
Basic Snapshotting 555
git add 555
git status 556
git diff 556
git difftool 556
git commit 557
git reset 557
git rm 557
git mv 558
git clean 558
Branching and Merging 558
git branch 558
git checkout 559
git merge 559
git mergetool 559
git log 560
git stash 560
git tag 561
Sharing and Updating Projects 561
git fetch 561
git pull 561
git push 562
git remote 562
git archive 563
git submodule 563
Inspection and Comparison 563
git show 563
git shortlog 563
git describe 564
Debugging 564
git bisect 564
git blame 564
git grep 564
Patching 565
git cherry-pick 565
git rebase 565
git revert 565
Email 565
git apply 566
git am 566
git format-patch 566
git imap-send 566
git send-email 567
git request-pull 567
External Systems 567
git svn 567
git fast-import 567
Administration 568
git gc 568
git fsck 568
git reflog 568
git filter-branch 568
Plumbing Commands 569
Index 571

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