📚 The largest truly open library in human history. ⭐️ We mirror Sci-Hub and LibGen. We scrape and open-source Z-Lib, DuXiu, and more. 📈 51,064,327 books, 98,551,617 papers — preserved forever. All our code and data are completely open source. Learn more…
📚 The largest truly open library in human history. ⭐️ We mirror Sci-Hub and LibGen. We scrape and open-source Z-Lib, DuXiu, and more. 📈 51,064,327 books, 98,551,617 papers — preserved forever. Learn more…
📚 The largest truly open library in human history. ⭐️ We mirror Sci-Hub and LibGen. We scrape and open-source Z-Lib, DuXiu, and more. Learn more…
"First published in 2003, this is the first encyclopedic work to focus exclusively on medieval Jewish civilization, from the fall of the Roman Empire to about 1492. Based on the research of an international, multidisciplinary team of specialist contributors, the more than 150 alphabetically organized entries, written by scholars from around the world, include biographies, countries, events, social history, and religious concepts. The coverage is international, presenting people, culture, and events from various countries in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East."--Provided by publisher
Cover 1 Title 4 Copyright 5 Original Title 6 Original Copyright 7 Contents 8 Alphabetical List of Entries 10 Thematic List of Entries 12 Contributors 14 Introduction 20 Abbreviations 24 A to Z Entries 26 A 26 B 92 C 154 D 234 E 254 G 304 H 334 I 360 J 400 K 410 L 414 M 444 N 498 O 508 P 514 Q 566 R 578 S 606 T 658 V 676 W 682 Glossary 696 Index 698
Repository ID for the 'libgen' repository in Libgen.li. Directly taken from the 'libgen_id' field in the 'files' table. Corresponds to the 'thousands folder' torrents.
Repository ID for the non-fiction ('libgen') repository in Libgen.rs. Directly taken from the 'id' field in the 'updated' table. Corresponds to the 'thousands folder' torrents.
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Recommended download managers: JDownloader
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A “file MD5” is a hash that gets computed from the file contents, and is reasonably unique based on that content. All shadow libraries that we have indexed on here primarily use MD5s to identify files.
A file might appear in multiple shadow libraries. For information about the various datasets that we have compiled, see the Datasets page.