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lgrsnf/Experimental Psychology.pdf

lgli/Experimental Psychology.pdf

Gozli, Davood; Valsiner, Jaan

Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Theory and history in the human and social sciences, Cham, Switzerland, 2023

Theory and History in the Human and Social Sciences Ser, Cham, 2023

Theory and history in the human and social sciences, Cham, 2022

Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland, 2023

Switzerland, Switzerland

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Contents
Chapter 1: Finding the Place of Experimental Psychology: Introduction
References
Chapter 2: From Introspection to Experiment: Wundt and Avenarius’ Debate on the Definition of Psychology
Aim of the Paper
Historical Background
Wilhelm Wundt Between Introspection and Experiment
Richard Avenarius and the Physiological Experiment as a Paradigm
Wundt’s Reply to Avenarius
Groundbreaking Aspects of Avenarius’ Conception of Psychology
What Can We Learn from the Debate Between Avenarius and Wundt About Experimental Psychology?
References
Chapter 3: Truth and Mind: How Embodied Concepts Constrain How We Define Truth in Psychological Science
What Is Truth?
Embodiment and Grounding: A Brief Introduction
How the Brain Represents: Maps and Cognitive Controllers
What the Brain Represents: Affordances
Consequences of Embodiment for Our Understanding of Concepts
Consequences of Embodied Concepts for Science and Truth
The Way Out of Psychology’s Truth Crises
References
Chapter 4: Operationalization and Generalization in Experimental Psychology: A Plea for Bold Claims
Introduction
Tasks as Means, Tasks as Ends
Operationalization
Bold Claims: The Case of Rule-Violation Behavior
Generalization
References
Chapter 5: The Role of Social Context in Experimental Studies on Dishonesty
Introduction
Major Experimental Paradigms of Dishonesty Research
Performance Misreporting Tasks
Stochastic Tasks
Social Tasks
Instructed Intention Tasks
Dishonesty with and Without Deception
Simulating Dishonesty in a Lab
Harm and Victim Identity
Hierarchy of Rules and Norms
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: What Is a Task and How Do You Know If You Have One or More?
Introduction
Addressing the Limitations of SR Associations
Task Switching and Task Representation
Limits of Task Switching
Switching Costs May Not Always Reflect Switching Tasks
Summary
References
Chapter 7: The Problem of Interpretation in Experimental Research
Meaning of Events
Detection and Adoption of Norms
Neglecting Meaning
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Methodology of Science: Different Kinds of Questions Require Different Methods
There Is Methodology and There Is Methodology
Some Definitions
What Is Science?
Science Is Knowledge
Knowledge of Causes
Different Theories of Causality
Knowledge About Nonsensory World
Scientific Knowledge Is Constructed
Science Is Based on Method
Scientific Methods Require Methodology
Two Kinds of Methodological Questions
Methodology Today and the Role of a Question in Sciencing
Why Pure Induction Is Impossible
Why Hypothetico-Deductive Method Can Be Highly Fallible
Why Bayesian (and Haig’s Abductive Theory of) Method Is Useless for Psychology
Why Inference to the Best Explanation Is Problematic
Basic Kinds of Scientific Questions and the Methods Corresponding to Them
The First Questions That May Lead to Sciencing
Attempts to Answer the First Questions Can Lead to the Next: Is There a Nonsensory Cause?
How to Distinguish the Indistinguishable and How to Unite the Ununitable?
There Seems to Be a Nonsensory Difference, How Did It Emerge?
What Are the Parts?
How the Parts Are Related One to another?
Did We Get It Right? Confirmation of Truth
References
Chapter 9: Conclusion: From Experimental to Experiential Psychology
Experiment as an Administrative Act
Experiment as Theatre
Seeking the Truth
References
Index

This work brings together different perspectives on psychological methods and particularly methods involving experimentation. To encourage a reflective use of research methods, the authors illuminate the historical, philosophical, and scientific dimensions of methodology, providing both defenses and criticisms of experimental psychology. The primary audience of the work are students and researchers in psychological and behavioral sciences, who have an interest in methodology

2022-11-30