Preface
Organization
Organizing Committee
Advisory Committee
Scientific Committee (Reviewers Panel)
Conference Secretariat
Program Committee
Contents
Keynotes
An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Seismic Assessment of Built Cultural Heritage: Case Studies in Lisbon and Outskirts
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Masonry Residential Buildings in Lisbon
2.1 Buildings Description
2.2 Seismic Fragility Functions
3 Sintra National Palace
3.1 The Palace and Its History
3.2 Structural Survey and Experimental Campaign
3.3 Structural Analyses
3.3.1 Ambient Vibration Tests
3.3.2 Nonlinear Static Analyses
4 Final Comments
Acknowledgments
References
Vulnerability Evaluation of Historical Masonry Structures: Italian Churches and Towers
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Churches: Application in Real Case Studies
3 Towers: An Effective Approach to Estimate Vulnerability
4 Conclusions
References
Understanding Fire Safety of Historical Buildings
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Fire Safety Strategy
2.1 Current Approach
2.2 Historic Buildings
3 Example – Smoke Management for the Bastions Building University of Geneva
3.1 Brief Description of the Building
3.2 Proposed Compliant Solution
3.3 Alternative Approach to Smoke Management
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
It Always Takes a Village: Preserving Earthen Sites
Abstract
1 Earthen Architecture – A Universal Way of Construction
1.1 A Community Based Adaptable Construction and Maintenance System
2 The Work of the Getty Conservation Institute
3 Research on Earthen Conservation at the GCI
3.1 Professional Exchange
4 Projects for the Conservation of Earthen Sites
4.1 The Seismic Retrofitting Project
4.2 The Conservation and Rehabilitation of Kasbah Taourirt
5 Training on the Conservation of Earthen Sites
5.1 The International Course on the Conservation of Earthen Architecture
5.2 The SRP Workshops
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
History of Construction and Building Technology
House on a Bunker by Architect R. Romke de Vries: From Military Accommodation to Residential Refinement
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Architect R. Romke de Vries (1908–1997)
1.2 Traces of the Atlantic Wall in the Hague
1.3 House on the Bunker
2 Methodology
3 Post-war Heritage Issues
3.1 Historical Layout, Construction Principles, Materials and Colours
3.2 Vision and Ambition
4 Restoration and Conservation Options
4.1 Phased Approach
4.2 Technical Upgrade
4.2.1 Piping System
4.2.2 Concrete Restoration
4.2.3 Steel and Metalwork
4.2.4 Thermal Insulation
4.3 Interior Restoration
5 Conclusions
References
The Structural Function of Cross Beams During Vault Construction in the Maya Palace of the Governor at Uxmal, Yucatan
Abstract
1 Introduction and Objectives
2 Methodology
2.1 Finite Element Model
2.2 Rigid Block Equilibrium
3 Results
3.1 Construction Stage 1 – Half Vaults Completed but not Joined
3.2 Construction Stage 2 – Half Vaults Joined at the Top
3.3 Construction Stage 3 – External Façade Inserted
4 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Deformation Process of Romanesque Masonry Constructions: The Case of Vall d’Aran Churches
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Aim of the Research
3 Selected Churches
4 Method
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
A Double Dome Through the Ages
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 History of Planning for Shah Mosque
3 Geometry and Morphology of the Dome
3.1 Hybrid Double Dome (HDD)
3.2 Building Components
3.2.1 Domes
3.2.2 Walls
3.2.3 Wooden Elements
4 Building Techniques and Construction Process
5 Conservation History of Shah Mosque’s Dome
6 Discussion and Analysis of Crack Pattern
7 Conclusion
References
Construction and Building Technology in Sanctuary of Roman Settlement Aquae Iasae with the Review of Conservation Works on the Site
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Sanctuary Area
2.1 Building Phases in Aquae Iasae Sanctuary
2.2 Sacred Spring
3 Management of Heritage Structures and Conservation Strategies
4 Conclusions
References
Early Iron Roofs in Belgian Churches (1845–60)
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Intellectual Interest in the Use of Iron in Young Belgium
3 Early Iron Roofs in Churches: Three Belgian Case Studies
3.1 Transition to Iron Trusses: St. Joseph’s Church in Brussels (1842–49)
3.2 Improvement of Iron Trusses: St. George’s Church in Antwerp (1847–53)
3.3 Optimisation of Iron Trusses: St. Anne’s Church in Ghent (1853–62)
4 International Network
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Lightweight Structures and Conservation - Engineering and Architectural Perspective
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Conservation in the Modern Era and Lightweight Structures
2.1 Light Structures in the Modern Era - General
3 Lightweight Structures - General Background
3.1 Lightweight Structures - General
3.2 Lightweight Structures and Nature
4 Historical Background – Lightweight Structures
4.1 General
4.2 Lightweight Structures Along History
4.3 Lightweight Structures Nowadays
5 Lightweight Structures and Conservation – Engineering and Architecture
5.1 Lightweight Structures and Conservation – General
5.2 Lightweight Structures as Heritage Buildings – Old Lightweight Structures
5.3 New Lightweight Structures Integrated in Historical and Old-Heavyweight Buildings
5.4 Lightweight Strengthening Intervention in Old-Heavyweight Historic Buildings
5.5 Light Structures Theory as a Vital Knowledge for Understanding Heavyweight Traditional Structures
5.6 Light Structures Philosophy as a Didactic Tool in Conservation Studies and Other Aspects
6 Conclusions
References
Mid-20th Century Colombian Vaults. A Contemporary Tradition
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Masonry Vaults
2.1 Tile Vaults in Colombia
2.2 The Casa Pizano
3 Concrete Shells
3.1 Precast Concrete. The Patents of Vacuum Concrete
3.2 The Quiroga Neighbourhood
4 Variants on Reinforced Ceramics
4.1 From Reinforced Ceramics to the Hat Brick
4.2 The Casa Gaitán Cortés
5 Antecedents and Consequents of the Colombian Vaults of the 50’s
6 Conclusions
References
Building Techniques and Structural Damage of Historical Constructions Detected Through the Point Cloud Survey
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology: Advantages and Criticalities of the Laser Scanning Technique
3 The Laser Scanning Technique Applied to a Medieval Building
3.1 Unsolved Historiographical and Conservation Issues
3.2 Focusing onto the Building Techniques
3.3 Detection of the Structural Problems
4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Analysis and Proposal to Retrofit the Traditional Construction Systems (Earth) of the Former San José School, Cuenca, Ecuador
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Main Traditional Materials and Construction Systems Used in the City of Cuenca
1.1.1 Bahareque
1.1.2 Adobe
1.1.3 Clay Brick
1.1.4 Wooden Elements for Roofs, Portals and Mezzanines
1.2 The Influence of the Builder Johannes Stiehle on the Construction Systems Used in the Architecture of Cuenca and the Former San José School
2 Methodology
2.1 Application of the Assessment and Diagnosis Card
2.2 Prospecting
3 Results
3.1 Emerging Actions Plan and Proposal to Reinforce the Traditional Construction Systems
3.1.1 Adobe Walls
3.1.2 Clay Brick Walls
3.1.3 Bahareque Walls
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Iron Ties Originally Anchored into Masonry as a Historical Construction Technology – Case Study: A Church in Cyprus
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Historical Review
3 Use of Tie-Rods in Cyprus
3.1 Social and Historical Background
3.2 Buildings with Embedded Iron Tie-Rods
4 Function of the Tie-Rods
4.1 Seismic Response of ‘Panagia Faneromeni’, A Case Study from Cyprus
4.2 Anchorage
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Learning from Regional Architecture: Sustainable Solutions in Traditional Portuguese Houses
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Influence of the Atlantic Climate as Unifying Factor of the Popular Architecture of the North Region of Portugal
2.1 Fundamental Type of Villages and Vernacular Houses
3 Conclusion
References
Innovative Stone Vaults in Dalmatia in Antiquity and Renaissance
Abstract
1 Introduction: Tradition of Constructing in Stone in Dalmatia
2 The Vaults of the Emperor Diocletian’s Palace
2.1 Vault of the Temple of Jupiter: Assembling of Stone Elements
2.2 Influence of the Vault of the Temple of Jupiter: Two Coffered Barrel Vaults in Trogir
3 The Vaults of the Šibenik Cathedral
3.1 Specific Structural Behavior
3.2 Details of the Vaults of the Šibenik Cathedral
4 New Hypothesis on the Origin of the Details of the Vault of the Šibenik Cathedral
Acknowledgments
References
The Structure of Gothic Architecture in Evolving Contexts – The Case of “Bombay Gothic”, India
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 The Context
3.1 Climate and Socio Economic
3.2 Socio-Cultural/Stylistic/Colonial
4 Incorporation of Indian Elements and Corresponding Stylistic Modifications
4.1 Structural Modifications
4.1.1 The Dome
4.1.2 The Arch
4.1.3 Wood and Lime Concrete Roofing
4.2 Materiality of Structure and Adaptation to Context
4.2.1 Massiveness as a Function of Psychological Perception of Size
5 Conclusions
References
Comparison of Erudite and Popular Timber Historical Buildings in the Former Erechim Colony, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Abstract
1 The Erechim Colony
2 Methodological Procedures
3 Two Construction Models – On Erudite and Popular Architecture – A Literature Review
4 The Popular House of the Immigrants and the Official Architecture
4.1 Houses Built by the Immigrants
4.2 The Official Architecture
5 Analysis of Stylistic Influences
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
The Structural Technology and Architecture of Timber Bridges in Song Dynasty Paintings
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Structural Classification of Timber Bridges in Song Dynasty
2.1 Timber Beam Bridge
2.1.1 Simply Supported Beam Bridge
2.1.2 Continuous Simply Supported Beam Bridge
2.1.3 Stretch Beam Bridge
2.2 Timber Arch Bridge
3 The Architectural Artistry of Timber Covered Bridges
3.1 Artistry of Surrounding Landscapes
3.2 Ornamentation
4 Conclusion
References
The Imperial Record Office in Delhi: An Architectural Paradox
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Beyond Representation of ‘Style’
2.1 Existing Views on Architecture of Imperial Delhi
2.2 The Building as a Source of ‘Knowledge’
3 ‘Systems’ of Design and Construction
3.1 Visual-Spatial Organization Synthesizing Classical and Modern
3.1.1 Architectural Composition – The ‘Taxis’, Tripartition and Ratios
3.1.2 Elements and Arrangement – The ‘Genera’ and ‘Symmetry’
3.1.3 Spatial Organization According to Function
3.2 Structure and Construction Systems
3.2.1 Structural Composite of Load Bearing and Framed Systems
3.2.2 Materials and Elements of Construction
3.3 Understanding the Paradox
4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Concrete Thin Shells in the Sixties. Construction and Long-Term Behaviour
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Capturing the Incalculable
2.1 Heinz Isler and “Form Finding”
2.2 Deitingen Süd Service Station (1968–1969)
2.3 Long Term Behavior and Preservation
3 Building with Air
3.1 Dante Bini and Bini Shells System
3.2 Thin Concrete Shells in Sardinia (Italy)
3.3 Long Term Behavior and Preservation
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Chechen Medieval Towers-Obelisks to the Issue of Architectural Form Interpretation
Abstract
1 Background
2 Towers with a Pyramidal-Stepped Roof
2.1 Description
2.2 Structure and Functional Features
3 The Main Hypothesis
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
The First Industrial Period: A Forgotten Period in Brazilian Construction History
Abstract
1 Introduction – Context
2 The Influence of Brazilian Modern Architecture Movement
3 The 19th Century: The Influence of the First Industrial Revolution on Brazilian Construction
3.1 Belo Horizonte: The Capital of a New Way to Construct
4 The 20th Century: The Influence of the 2nd Industrial Revolution on Brazilian Construction
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Conservation and Restoration on Cement-Based Renders of Built Heritage in Shanghai, PR China
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Cement-Based Renders in Shanghai
2.1 History of Cement in Shanghai in Brief
2.2 Main Types of Cement-Based Renders in Shanghai
3 Conservation and Restoration
3.1 Guidelines and Codes of Practices
3.2 Defects
3.3 Specific Techniques for Restoration
4 Case Study
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Traditional Wall Construction Technology of the Ottoman Empire in Relation to the Seismic Resistance of Bath Structures in the Marmara Region
Abstract
1 Seismicity of the Marmara Region
2 Types of Masonry Wall Construction in the Ottoman Empire
2.1 Cut Stone Wall Construction
2.2 Rough Cut Stone Construction
2.3 Rubble Stone Wall Construction
2.4 Brick and Stone ‘almaşık’ Wall Construction
3 Case Studies: Bath Structures Masonry Wall Construction in the Marmara Region in Relation to Seismic Resistance
4 Conclusion
References
Back to the Past – The History and Current Modernisations of Kleinische Decke Ceiling
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Case Study
3 Static and Strength Calculations
4 Conclusions
References
Historic Evolution of the Temple of San Pedro and San Pablo de Zepita, and the Origins of the Structural Faults
Abstract
1 Location of the Temple
2 Structural Layout of the Temple
3 Characteristics of the Construction
4 Historical Evolution of the Construction
4.1 Historical Chronology
4.2 Evidence of the Evolution of Construction [3]
4.3 Hypothesis of the Evolution of Construction (Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13)
5 Structural Faults
6 Summary of Structural Faults from the Evolution of the Construction
7 Conclusions
References
Stone Masonry with Brick Stripe Courses: Study on a Historical Building Technique Diffused in Brianza District
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Local Resources and Buildings Techniques
2.1 Main Building Techniques Diffused in Subalpine Region
2.2 Overview of the Building Techniques Observed in Vimercate Context
2.3 Structural Performances Issues
3 The Investigated Sample
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Megalithic Shelters in Vale de Poldros, Portugal. The Cardenhas
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Origins, Typologies and Evolution of the Cardenhas
3 From Cardenhas to the Traditional Rural House
4 Conclusion
References
New Technologies and Techniques
Connected Semantic Concepts as a Base for Optimal Recording and Computer-Based Modelling of Cultural Heritage Objects
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 State of the Art
3 Approach
3.1 Methodology
3.2 Data Set and Its Semantic Description
3.3 Application Case
4 Outcomes
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Semi-automated Creation of Accurate FE Meshes of Heritage Masonry Walls from Point Cloud Data
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Related Work
4 Methodology
4.1 FE Mesh
4.2 Crack Extraction
5 Experiments
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Numerical Modeling of Single Tube-Jack and Flat-Jack Tests in an Unreinforced Masonry Wall with a Regular Typology
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Model Preparation, Analysis, and Processing
2.1 Geometry, Material and Element Properties, and Meshing
2.2 Boundary Conditions and Loading
2.3 Phased Analysis
2.4 Post-processing
3 Single Tube-Jack Test
4 Single Flat-Jack Test
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
The Strength of Wooden (Timber)-Glass Beams Combined with the Polyurethane Adhesive - DIC and Finite Element Analysis
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Small-Scale Shear Tests on the Timber-Glass Joint Made of Polyurethane PS
3 Research on Composite Timber-Glass Beams with Polyurethane PS Adhesive
3.1 Set up of Tests
3.2 Results and Discussion
4 Composite Timber-Glass Beams Numerical Tests
5 Conclusions
References
On the Use of Sound Spectral Analysis for the In Situ Assessment of Structural Timber
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Timber Specimens
2.2 Microphones
2.3 Sound Analysis Software
2.4 Testing Procedure
2.4.1 Static Testing, MC and Density Determination
2.4.2 Dynamic Testing
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Static Testing
3.2 Investigated Parameters
3.2.1 Impact Tool
3.2.2 Microphone Distance
3.2.3 Boundary Conditions
3.3 Comparison Between Sound Specimens and Decayed Specimens
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Application of Digital Close-Range Photogrammetry to the Modeling of Heritage Structural Elements for Its Analysis by FEM
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Survey
2.2 Photogrammetric Models
2.2.1 Creation of Models
2.2.2 Scale and Correction
2.3 Finite Element Method Models
3 Results
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Parameterization of Structural Faults in Large Historical Constructions for Further Structural Modelling Thanks to Laser Scanning Technology and Computer Vision Algorithms
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Medieval Wall of Guimarães
3 Laser Scanning Survey
3.1 Laser Scanning Technology
3.2 Survey of the Medieval Wall of Guimarães
3.3 Point Cloud Pre-processing
4 Results: Dimensional Analysis
4.1 Automated Processing
4.1.1 Ground Extraction
4.1.2 Point Cloud Rotation
4.1.3 Damage Detection: Transverse Opening of the Walls
4.2 Structural Diagnosis
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Stop-Splayed Scarf-Joint Reinforcement with Timber Pegs Behaviour
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Program on Fir Stop-Splayed Scarf Joint Samples
2.1 Tensile Test Settings
2.2 Experimental Results
2.3 Results: Analysis and Discussion
3 Comparison with Analytical Results
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of Ancient Masonry from a Non-destructive Method In Situ
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theory
3 Methodology
4 The Case Study: Temple of San Antonio de Padua
5 Application of the Obtained Results in a Numerical Model
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Developing Solutions Based on Shape Memory Alloys for Historical Constructions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Device Concept
3 Thermal Tests
3.1 Material Properties
3.2 Testing Program and Sensor Set up
3.3 Results
4 Shaking Table Tests
4.1 Testing Model
4.2 Test Apparatus and Sensor Set up
4.3 Experimental Program
4.4 Results
5 Case Study
5.1 Aim of Intervention
5.2 Dimensioning and Installation
6 Conclusions
References
Historic Digital Survey: Reality Capture and Automatic Data Processing for the Interpretation and Analysis of Historic Architectural Rubble Masonry
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Stone Segmentation and Labelling
3 Parameters Extraction
3.1 Stone Face Contour
3.2 Stone Face Profile
3.3 Stone Face Colour
4 Experimental Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Study of Early Age Stiffness Development in Lime–Cement Blended Mortars
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Research Program
2.1 Materials
2.2 Mortar Compositions
2.3 EMM-ARM
2.4 Unconfined Cyclic Compression Test [Static Modulus of Elasticity]
3 Results
3.1 Stiffness Evolution of Blended Mortars
3.2 Examining the Feasibility of EMM-ARM for Blended Mortars
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Evaluation of a Rope Mesh Reinforcement System for Adobe Dwellings in Seismic Areas
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Rope Mesh Reinforcement System for One-Storey Earthen Houses
3 Calculation of Maximum Forces at the Reinforcement Systems
4 Proposed Design Procedure
5 Experimental Validation
6 Conclusions
References
Comparison of the Degree of Consolidation of Historic Plaster Layers by Means of Lime Hydrate Nanosuspensions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Verification of the Deposition Rate of Consolidating Agents Using Scanning Microscopy
2.2 Results on the Degree of Plaster Consolidation with Nanosuspensions
2.3 “Scotch Tape” Peeling Test
2.4 Results on Subsurface Adhesion Measurement Using “Scotch Tape” Peeling Test
3 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Study on Carbonation Initiated by Organics in Traditional Lime Mortar
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experiment
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Phenolphthalein Test
3.2 Xrd
3.3 TGA and DTA
4 Conclusions
References
Virtual Reality for the Enhancement of Structural Health Monitoring Experiences in Historical Constructions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Case Study and Description of the Experimental Program
2.1 Fieldwork
2.1.1 Photogrammetry
2.1.2 Research Project Information
2.2 Laboratory Work
2.2.1 Development of 3D Models
2.2.2 Development of the Virtual Environment
2.2.3 Development of the Virtual Reality Program
3 Tests and Results
4 Conclusions
References
Classification of Hardened Cement and Lime Mortar Using Short-Wave Infrared Spectrometry Data
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Sample preparation
3.2 Equipment (SWIR Spectrometry)
3.3 Data Analysis
4 Results
5 Discussion
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Improvements of the Ultrasonic Tomography for Applications to Historical Masonry Constructions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Acoustic Tomography: Theoretical Background
2.1 Amplitude Tomography
2.2 Inversion Algorithms
3 Proposed Improvements
3.1 Standardized Amplitude Tomography
3.1.1 The Experimental Tool
3.1.2 The Amplitude Propagation Model
3.2 Inversion Algorithm
4 Experimental Validation
5 Application of the Amplitude Tomography to a Masonry Pillar
6 Conclusions
References
Correlation Between Sonic and Mechanical Test Results on Stone Masonry Walls
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Uniaxial Compression Test
2.2 Sonic Test
3 Results
3.1 Uniaxial Compression Tests
3.2 Sonic Tests
3.3 Correlation Between Sonic and Mechanical Test Results
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Geometric and Radiometric Analysis of TLS Point Clouds to Diagnose the Conservation State of Historical Constructions. Case of Study in the Master Gate of San Francisco, Almeida, Portugal
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Case Study
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Equipment
3.2 Pre-processing
3.3 Radiometric Strategy
3.3.1 TLS Radiometric Calibration
3.3.2 Incidence Angle Affectation
3.3.3 Point Cloud Classification
3.4 Geometric Strategy
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Radiometric Results
4.1.1 TLS Intensity in Reflectance Values
4.1.2 Classified Point Cloud
4.1.3 Classification, Validation and Damages Detection
4.2 Geometric Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Diagonal Compression Behaviour of Masonry Walls Reinforced with FRM Coatings
Abstract
1 Description of the Work
1.1 Characterization of the Materials
1.2 Execution of the Diagonal Compression Tests
2 Interpretation of the Observed Behaviour
3 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Preliminary Methodology for the Integration of Lean Construction, BIM and Virtual Reality in the Planning Phase of Structural Intervention in Heritage Structures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Lean Construction and New Project Management Technologies
2.1 The Role of Lean on Project Management
2.2 The New Technologies for Historical Buildings
2.3 Choosing by Advantages (CBA)
3 Methodology Structural Intervention of a Heritage Building
4 Validation Case Study
4.1 Description
4.2 Results
5 Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Research
Acknowledgements
References
Inspection, Non-destructive and Laboratory Testing
Enhancement of the Identification of Historical Timber Element’s Local Stiffness Based on Resistance Drilling Measurements
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Test Program
2.1 Materials
2.2 Test Setup
2.3 Experimental Results
3 Identification of Local Young’s Moduli
3.1 Identification of the Local Density: Resistance Drilling Measurements
3.2 Influence of the Slope of the Grain
3.3 Identification of the Local Young’s Moduli Along the Orthotropic Axes
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Inspection of Seismic Damage and Conservation Conditions in Modern School Buildings in Chile
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology of Inspection and Research
3 Inspection Results
3.1 Structural and Constructive Characterization
3.2 Structural Damages and Faults
3.3 Observation of Physicochemical Damages
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Laboratory and In Situ Calibrations of New Flat Jack Method for Assessing Masonry Shear Characteristics
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Testing Technique
3 Laboratory and In Situ Calibrations
3.1 Calibration Techniques
3.2 Results of Laboratory Tests
4 Finite Elements Modelling
5 Data Processing
6 Practical Application and Recommendations
7 Conclusions
References
Investigation of the Shear-Sliding Behavior of Masonry Through Shove Test: Experimental and Numerical Studies
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Experimental Results
4 Numerical Model
4.1 Modeling Strategy
4.2 Calibration of the Model
4.3 Numerical Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
A Proposed Test to Evaluate Efflorescence Potential of Ceramic Blocks
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Proposed Test Procedure
3 Procedure Assessment
4 Results
4.1 Results from Proposed Test
4.2 Results from ASTM C 67 Test
5 Observations and Recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
Structural Behaviour of Dry Stack Stone Corbelled Vaults Under Lateral Support Movement
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Occurrence and Examples
1.2 Behaviour
1.3 Research on Corbelled Domes
2 Experimental Study
2.1 Test Setup and Instrumentation
2.2 Results
3 Static Analysis of the Arch
4 Key Observations and Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Influence of Geometry of Cylindrical Samples in the Mechanical Characterization of Existing Brickwork
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Program
2.1 Materials
2.2 Masonry Specimens
2.3 Testing Setup
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Failure Modes and Crack Patterns
3.2 Estimation of Compressive Strength and Young’s Modulus
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Estimation of Churches Frequencies Based on Simplified Geometry Parameters
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Geometrical Survey and Analysis of the Data
2.1 Typological Classification of the Churches
2.2 Relationship Between Geometrical Parameters
3 Numerical Simulation and Parametric Analysis
4 Proposed Formulations and Validation with Real Cases Studies
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Experimental Characterization of Mechanical Behaviour of Existing Tabique Walls Under Compressive and Shear Loading
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Context
3 Testing Specimens and Set-up
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Compression Tests
4.2 Shear-Compression Tests
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Estimation of Mortar Compressive Strength Based on Specimens Extracted from Masonry Bed Joints
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology of Research
3 Tests Results
4 Numerical Analysis
4.1 Finite Element Model
4.2 Physical Models for Materials
4.3 Solution Procedure
5 Discussion of Results
6 Conclusions
References
A XVth Century Diamond Ashlar Façade: The Case Study of Palazzo Raimondi in Cremona
Abstract
1 Marble Diamond Ashlar Facings
2 Construction Phases and Building Restorations in Palazzo Raimondi
3 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
From Brick to Element: Investigating the Mechanical Properties of Calcium Silicate Masonry
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Compression Behavior of Masonry in Two Orthogonal Directions
4 Shear-Sliding Behavior of Unit-Joint Interface
5 Characterization of Masonry in Tension
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Seismic Behavior of Timber-Laced Masonry Structures in the Himalayan Belt
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Local Seismic Cultures and Their Forgotten Fates
2.1 Local Seismic Culture in the Indian Context
3 Studies on Timber-Framed and Timber-Laced Constructions
4 Taq Construction System
5 Multi-story Isolation Systems
5.1 Interpreting Taq Construction as a Multiple Isolation System
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Structural Characterization of Quarry Stone in Experimental Testing Using Digital Image Correlation as a Non-destructive Technique
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Basic Principles of Digital Image Correlation
3 Experimental Setup
3.1 Specimens and Materials Description
3.2 Compression Tests
4 Digital Image Correlation Setup
5 Results
5.1 Compression Tests Results
5.2 Digital Image Correlation Analysis
5.2.1 Load-Displacement Behavior of Pink Quarry Stone Samples
5.2.2 Graphic Results of DIC Analysis
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Mechanical Characterization of Masonry Typologies in Israel via Flat Jack Tests
Abstract
1 Foreword
2 History of Stone Masonry Construction in Israel
2.1 Typical Features Related to the Structural Type
2.2 Types of the Stones Used in Ancient Israeli Buildings
3 On-Site Investigations
4 Data Interpretation and Mechanical Feature Extraction
5 Conclusions
References
Experimental Characterization of Solid Clay Bricks: Correlations Among Mechanical Properties
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Compressive Strength and Apparent Density
3.2 Bending and Compressive Strength
3.3 Bending and Splitting Strength
3.4 Pull-off and Compressive Strength
3.5 Pull-off and Bending Strength
3.6 Pull-off and Splitting Strength
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Internal Geometrical Characterization of Stone Masonry Walls Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Study on Stone Cultural Heritage’s Structural Stability Management – with a Focus on Cheomseongdae
Abstract
1 Prologue
2 Historical Background
3 Scientific Analysis
3.1 Research on the Characteristics of Stone and Deterioration
3.2 Structural Stability Analysis
3.2.1 Ground Survey
3.2.2 Analysis of Ground Response to a Scenario Earthquake
3.2.3 Evaluation of Seismic Behavior Characteristics by Dynamic Centrifuge Test
4 9.12 (Gyeongju) Earthquake and Its Characteristics of Damage
5 Conclusions
References
The Application of Sonic Testing on Double-Leaf Historical Portuguese Masonry to Obtain Morphology and Mechanical Properties
Abstract
1 Problem Statement
2 Analysis Procedures
2.1 The Masonry Quality Index MQI
2.2 Sonic Testing
3 Testing Scheme on Portuguese Historical Wallets
3.1 The Wallets
3.2 Application of MQI Method
3.3 Application of Sonic Testing
3.3.1 Methodology
3.3.2 Sonic Apparatus
3.3.3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusions
References
Inspection and Analysis of Ancient Monastery of “São Romão de Neiva”, Portugal
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Ancient Monastery of São Romão de Neiva
2.1 Architectonical and Structural Description
3 Ins

lgrsnf/Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions2.pdf

Rafael Aguilar; International Seminar on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions

Rafael Aguilar; Daniel Torrealva; Susana Moreira; Miguel A. Pando; Luis F. Ramos

International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions

Springer Nature Switzerland AG

RILEM bookseries, volume 18, Cham, Switzerland, 2019

Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland, 2019

Switzerland, Switzerland

1st ed. 2019, 2018

Nov 29, 2018

lg2496819

{"edition":"1ed. 2019","isbns":["3319994409","9783319994406"],"last_page":2518,"publisher":"Springer","series":"Rilem Bookseries"}

Source title: Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: An Interdisciplinary Approach (RILEM Bookseries)

2020-04-04